Airbus // Universal Registration Document 2023

Risk Factors 1 Geopolitical, Global Economic and Financial Market Risks

Foreign Currency Exposure

Liquidity The Company is exposed to liquidity risk, particularly in the event of funding needs arising during a market disruption. If liquidity risk were to materialise, the Company could be at risk of making late payments or not being able to pay its creditors and shareholders, or potentially delaying or disrupting the closing of some transactions. Liquidity risk can arise particularly when money markets and/or debt capital markets are closed for new issuances for a period of time. In order to mitigate liquidity risk, the Company maintains: – – significant amounts of cash or highly liquid cash equivalents on balance sheet; – – undrawn committed credit facilities; – – diversified Euro funding programmes (such as a € 12 billion Euro medium-term note (“ EMTN ”) programme, a €11 billion Negotiable European Commercial Paper programme and a €4 billion Euro Commercial Paper programme); and – – access to USD funding (through a US$ 3 billion US Commercial Paper programme and the 144A US dollar bond market). In 2023, more than 75% of the Company’s revenues were denominated in US dollars, with approximately 60% of such currency exposure being “naturally hedged” by US dollar denominated costs. The remainder of costs are incurred primarily in euros and to a lesser extent, pounds sterling and other currencies. Consequently, to the extent that the Company does not cover its net current and future exchange rate exposure from the time of a customer order to the time of delivery, its profits will be affected by market changes in the exchange rate of the US dollar against these currencies. There are complexities inherent in determining whether and when foreign currency exposure of the Company will materialise, in particular given the possibility of unpredictable revenue variations arising from order cancellations, postponements or delivery delays. Regarding foreign currency exchange risk, the Company may also have difficulty in fully implementing its hedging strategy if its hedging counterparties are unwilling to increase derivatives risk limits with the Company, and the Company is further exposed to the risk of non-performance or default by these hedging counterparties. The exchange rates at which the Company is able to hedge its foreign currency exposure may also deteriorate, as the euro could appreciate against the US dollar for some time, as has been the case in the past and as higher capital requirements for banks result in higher credit charges for uncollateralised derivatives. Accordingly, the Company’s foreign currency hedging strategy may not protect it from significant changes in the exchange rate of the US dollar to the euro and the pound sterling, in particular over the long-term, which could have a negative effect on its financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, to further mitigate the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on its profits, the Company might enter into a euro conversion agreement with its customers to fully or partially convert the payment from US dollar into euro based on an agreed conversion rate. These agreements can be implemented at the specific request of customers, and are accounted for in the IFRS Consolidated Financial Statements as a contract in euros.

On 5 July 2022, the Company signed a sustainability-linked Revolving Syndicated Credit Facility committed by 38 banks for € 8 billion with a maturity of five years and two extension options of one year (subject to banks’ approval). This facility incorporates an adjustment mechanism that links the applicable margin of the facility (which can go either up or down) to the achievement of annual targets for two selected sustainability key performance indicators related to environmental rating and health and safety. The first extension option of one year has been exercised by Airbus and approved by all banks except one. Save for this bank, the new maturity of the sustainability-linked Revolving Syndicated Credit Facility is 5 July 2028. Going forward, the Company will continue to maintain a prudent approach when it comes to managing its liquidity, with the objective of maintaining its robust credit rating. Since 2022 and going forward, the Company has presented its matured hedge portfolio and euro conversion on a blended basis and therefore blended rates reflect both the EBIT impact of hedge rates of the US dollar hedge portfolio and euro conversion. As of 31 December 2023, the blended portfolio amounts to US$ 91.7 billion with maturities up to 2029 and covers a major portion of the foreign exchange exposure expected over the period of the operative planning. The portion of the Company’s US dollar-denominated revenues that is not covered in accordance with the Company’s coverage strategy will be exposed to fluctuations in exchange rates, which may be significant. Furthermore, the Company is exposed to certain other price risks such as interest rate risks, changes in commodity prices and in the price of items held in inventory. Adverse movements of these prices may jeopardise the Company’s profitability if not hedged. Currency exchange rate fluctuations in currencies other than the US dollar in which the Company incurs its principal manufacturing expenses (mainly the euro) may affect the ability of the Company to compete with competitors whose costs are incurred in other currencies. This is particularly true with respect to fluctuations relative to the US dollar, as many of the Company’s products and those of its competitors ( e.g. in the defence export market) are priced in US dollars. The Company’s ability to compete with its competitors may be eroded to the extent that any of the Company’s principal currencies appreciates in value against the principal currencies of such competitors. The Company’s consolidated revenues, costs, assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than euro are translated into euro for the purposes of compiling its financial statements. Changes in the value of these currencies relative to the euro will, therefore, have an effect on the euro value of the Company’s reported revenues, costs, EBIT, other financial results, assets, liabilities and equity.

10 Airbus Annual Report

Universal Registration Document 2023