Airbus - 2022 Universal Registration Document

1. Information on the Company’s Activities /

1.2 Non-Financial Information

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Strategic pathway 3 Investing in technologies to reduce product emissions

Disruptive engines and airframe to further reduce emissions On the engine side, the Company is closely following innovations coming from the engine manufacturers, and supporting them to adapt their latest innovation to aircraft needs. The wings are often referred to as the second main lever to reduce aircraft emissions. Several technologies are being studied such as: - the Company’s transnational research & technology programme, “wing of tomorrow”, has successfully delivered a first full-size wing prototype or “demonstrator” that will help mature next-generation wing technologies; - the completion of the first of three fully composite wing demonstrators marks the integration of more than 100 different component and manufacturing technologies that include an all-new industrial assembly system, and which have helped validate key automation targets; - wing of tomorrow is particularly efficient thanks to the incorporation of lighter composite components and of a folding wing tip. Hydrogen-powered commercial aircraft ambition by 2035 The Company believes hydrogen is one of the most promising technologies for reducing aviation’s climate impact. If produced from low carbon electricity through electrolysis, it allows a significant reduction in overall emissions. Aviation will be an end use application of hydrogen. The Company sees two primary uses for hydrogen: - hydrogen can be used to directly power the aircraft by being combusted through modified gas-turbine engines or converted into electric power via fuel cells. The combination of both would create an efficient hybrid electric propulsion chain powered entirely by hydrogen; - hydrogen can be used to create eFuels (power-to-liquid or power biomass-to-liquid synthetic fuels in combination with carbon from biomass or enhanced carbon sink sources). From hydrogen propulsion to hydrogen-based synthetic SAF, from pod configuration to blended-wing aircraft, the Company is evaluating, maturing and validating radical technological breakthroughs.

› In July 2022, the Company partnered with CFM to test flight the “open fan” technology. The open fan architecture is a key component of the engine maker’s “revolutionary innovation for sustainable engines” (RISE) technology development programme – aims to demonstrate and mature a range of new technologies for future engines that could enter service by the mid-2030s. The open fan engine will be tested on an A380 in the second half of this decade. › The “eXtra performance wing project”, launched in September 2021, improves wing aerodynamics and performance that is intended to be compatible with any future aircraft configuration and propulsion system to reduce CO 2 emissions. In April 2022, The Company completed wind-tunnel testing of its eXtra performance wing demonstrator. › In 2020 the Company revealed three different hydrogen powered “ZEROe” concept aircraft. They illustrate the research that the Company is investing in with the objective to bring a hydrogen-powered commercial aircraft to market in 2035. › Progress was made in key areas in 2022: - the launch of the hydrogen combustion engine A380 based demonstrator, in partnership with CFM; - the iron pod of a first fuel cell powered engine is ready to be tested in the EAS test house, and the launch of its associated demonstrator, also based on a modified A380; › the launch of the Blue Condor demonstrator to study and assess the impact of non-CO 2 emissions induced by hydrogen combustion; › the launch of “Zero-Emission Development Centres” around Europe (France, Germany, Spain in 2021; UK in 2022), and the first prototype of cryogenic tanks -and coldbox- tested with nitrogen and then hydrogen.

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Airbus / Universal Registration Document 2022