Euronext // 2021 Universal Registration Document

Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(ii) Income taxes Due to the inherent complexities arising from the nature of the Group’s business, and from conducting business and being taxed in a substantial number of jurisdictions, critical assumptions and estimates are required to be made for income taxes. The Group computes income tax expense for each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. However, actual amounts of income tax due only become final upon filing and acceptance of the tax return by relevant authorities, which may not occur for several years subsequent to issuance of these Consolidated Financial Statements. The estimation of income taxes also includes evaluating the recoverability of deferred income tax assets based on an assessment of the ability to use the underlying future tax deductions against future taxable income before they expire. This assessment is based upon existing tax laws and estimates of future taxable income. To the extent estimates differ from the final tax return, earnings may be affected in a subsequent period. The Group operates in various countries with local tax regulations. New tax legislation being issued in certain territories as well as transactions that the Group enters into regularly result in potential tax exposures. The calculation of our tax liabilities involves uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws. Our estimate for the potential outcome of any uncertain tax treatment is highly judgmental. However, the Group believes that it has adequately provided for uncertain tax treatments. Settlement of these uncertainties in a manner inconsistent with our expectations could have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. The Group recognises a liability for uncertain tax treatments when it is not probable that a taxation authority will accept an uncertain tax treatment. (iii) Fair value of equity investments The Group holds investments in unlisted equity securities which are carried at fair value in the balance sheet. The valuation methodology and critical assumptions are described in Note 20 and 35. (iv) Classification of investments in associates The Group classifies the interest in LCH SA as an investment in associate suggesting significant influence even though it owns less than 20% of the voting rights (see Note 7). The Group concluded that it has significant influence over this investment, which is derived from the governance structure that was put in place, the Group’s position as the largest customer and sole minority shareholder of LCH SA. (v) Contingent consideration and buy options resulting from business combinations The Group may structure its business combinations in a way that leads to recognition of contingent consideration to selling shareholders and/or buy options for equity held by non-controlling interests. Contingent consideration and buy options are recognised at fair value on acquisition date. When the contingent consideration or buy option meets the definition of a financial liability or financial instrument, it is subsequently re-measured to fair value at each reporting date. The determination of fair value is based on the expected level of EBITDA3 over the last 12 months that precede the contractual date (in case of contingent consideration) or exercise date of the underlying call- and put options (in case of buy option).

not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on the same taxable entity. W) Non-current assets held for sale The Group classifies non-current assets and disposal groups as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Costs to sell are the incremental costs directly attributable to the disposal of an asset (disposal group), excluding finance costs and income tax expense. The criteria for held for sale classification is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the asset or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition. Actions required to complete the sale should indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the sale will be made or that the decision to sell will be withdrawn. Management must be committed to the plan to sell the asset and the sale expected to be completed within one year from the date of the classification. Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are not depreciated or amortised once classified as held for sale. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are presented separately as current items in the statement of financial position. X) Critical accounting estimates and assumptions In the application of the Group’s accounting policies, management is required to make estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods. The following critical assumptions concerning the future, and other critical sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting period, have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year: (i) Impairment of goodwill The Group performs goodwill impairment reviews in accordance with the accounting policy described above in Note 18. The recoverable amount of a CGU Group is determined based on a discounted cash flow approach, which requires the use of estimates. The critical assumptions used and the related sensitivity analysis are described in Note 18.

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2021 UNIVERSAL REGISTRATION DOCUMENT