Areva - Reference Document 2016

GLOSSARIES 1. Technical glossary

> ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) Research initiative that is the product of international scientific cooperation whose objective is to build a controlled fusion demonstrator to validate the potential of nuclear fusion energy. > Leaching, in situ leaching, heap leaching Extraction of metals through selective dissolution of ore using chemical solutions, whether acidic or alkaline. Leaching may be static, in the case of ore that is placed in a heap on an impermeable pad and sprayed; dynamic, in the case of ore mixed with solutions in a processing plant; or in situ, where solutions are injected into the geologic layer containing the ore and pumped out. > Light water Consisting of hydrogen and oxygen (whereas heavy water is a combination of oxygen and deuterium), it is used in some reactors both to cool the fuel and to recover the energy produced, and to slow the neutrons so as to increase the probability of fission. > Local information and consultation committee Established near all “Seveso high threshold” chemical industry facilities, the committee’s mission is to create a framework for dialogue and information on action taken by the operators of regulated facilities, under the oversight of government agencies, to prevent the risk of a major accident at the facilities. > Local information commission Instituted near a site with one or more regulated nuclear facilities (INB). Their general mission is to provide follow-up, information and consultation in matters pertaining to nuclear safety, radiation protection and the impacts of nuclear operations on people and the environment. The CLI publishes the results of its work in a form that is easily understood by the public. > Local information commission for major energy facilities of the Tricastin site Local information commission set up for the Tricastin nuclear site in France. > Mine tailings Earth, sand or rock that contains little or no uranium, but that must be extracted to gain access to the ore itself. The naturally occurring radioactivity of mine tailings is comparable to that of the surrounding rock. > Moderator Material designed to slow neutrons produced by nuclear fission. > MOX MOX fuel is a conventional nuclear fuel. It differs from UO 2 fuel, a basic nuclear fuel fabricated only with uranium, in that fact that it contains a low proportion of plutonium from recycled used fuel mixed with uranium (MOX means Mixed Oxides of uranium and plutonium). The proportion of plutonium varies according to the type of fuel, and is generally between 5 and 10%.

> MSNR ( Mission de sûreté nucléaire et de radioprotection ) The nuclear safety and radiation protection mission (MSNR) reports to the French Ministries of Environment and Economy; it participates in government missions concerning nuclear safety and radiation protection. In particular, in liaison with the Autorité de sûreté nucléaire (ASN), it recommends government policy in matters of nuclear safety and radiation protection, except for operations and facilities involving national defense and radiation protection for workers. It oversees the activities of the ASN on behalf of the Ministers in charge of nuclear safety and radiation protection. > Nacelle The nacelle is installed at the top of the wind turbine tower and generally houses the mechanical, pneumatic, electrical and electronic components needed for the operation of the wind turbine (directional system, gear box, generators, converters, instrumentation and control system, etc.). Almost all horizontal axis wind turbines use forced direction. The nacelles are therefore equipped with a system that uses electrical motors and gear boxes to make sure that the rotor – and thus the nacelle – is always oriented in the direction of the wind. > National radioactive waste and materials plan ( Plan national de gestion des matières et des déchets radioactifs , PNGMDR) The PNGMDR is an operational tool for broad-based planning of waste and materials management. Governed by the law of June 28, 2006 on the sustainable management of radioactive waste and materials, its chief goal is to regularly report on the radioactive materials management policy, to assess new requirements, and to set future objectives to be met. The PNGMDR is updated every three years in the form of a published report. The current version is the 2013-2015 edition. > NEA (Nuclear Energy Agency) Specialized agency of theOrganization for Economic Cooperation andDevelopment (OECD) whose mission is to assist its member countries in maintaining and further developing, through international cooperation, the scientific, technological and legal bases that are indispensable to the safe, environmentally friendly and economical use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. > Neutron Electrically neutral particle that enters into the composition of the atom’s nucleus, along with the protons. > Neutron poison Substance which, when placed or produced in a nuclear reactor, can slow or stop the fission chain reaction by absorbing neutrons. > Non-proliferation Designates the political and/or technical means used to prevent nuclear proliferation. The international non-proliferation regime consists of the set of international policies and instruments that work to prevent states from acquiring weapons of mass destruction or the means of acquiring them, in violation of their international commitments. The Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is based on distinguishing between nuclear weapons states (NWS) and non-nuclear weapons states (NNWS). The NWS pledge not to transmit their nuclear weapons knowledge to the NNWS, which agree not to acquire a nuclear deterrent capability. In exchange, the NNWS are entitled to access nuclear technologies for peaceful purposes.

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2016 AREVA REFERENCE DOCUMENT