Airbus // Universal Registration Document 2023

1. Information on the Company’s Activities 1.2 Non-Financial Information

The climate scenarios used in the updated analysis in 2023 are briefly described below:

1.5°C Aggressive mitigation – Limiting warming to 1.5°C – Based on IPCC Assessment Report 6 (AR6) Scenario Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP)1-1.9 / Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) by the International Energy Agency (IEA) which reflects the ambition of the Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Paris Agreement) This is a very ambitious scenario that limits global warming to 1.5 °C by the end of the century. In this scenario the global energy sector achieves net-zero CO 2 emissions by 2050 and the world reaches the objective of the Paris Agreement. Developed countries ( e.g. , including those within the European Union) accelerate in decarbonisation. Societies adopt practices to enable the required levels of reduction of emissions, including increasing investment in and development of technologies that could reduce emissions of the transport sector in developed countries and limit emissions growth in developing countries. Policies to decarbonise are introduced immediately (2020s), with these policies diverging across sectors and regions and differing in both the timing of their deployment and their reach. Mitigation strategies implemented worldwide and across sectors include: (i) transitioning from fossil-based energy to very low or zero-carbon sources including hydrogen and high density biofuels for aviation; (ii) carbon capture utilisation and storage is used in remaining fossil-fuels facilities; (iii) improvements in energy efficiency are implemented (however additional mitigation technologies for aviation are required); (iv) both nature- and technology-based Carbon Dioxide Removals (“ CDR ”) are deployed to the levels required to neutralise global residual GHG emissions; and (iv) countries implement measures towards restricting demand for transport services while supporting the shift to more energy efficient and low carbon intensive products and transport modes. Severe weather events are more frequent, but the world has avoided the worst consequences of climate change. Strong mitigation – Warming limited to well-below (“ WB ”) 2°C – Based on IPCC Scenario AR6 SSP1-2.6 / Sustainable Development Scenario (SDS) Scenario by the International Energy Agency – Paris Agreement This scenario assumes a more gradual approach in the introduction of climate mitigation actions, limiting global warming to well-below 2°C by the end of the century. Net-zero emissions are achieved around or after 2070. In this scenario the same socio-economic trends presented in the scenario limiting 1.5°C are maintained but economic and social development progress is slower and the environment experiences further degradation. Disorderly mitigation – Warming exceeding 3°C – Based on IPCC Scenario AR6 SSP5-8.5 This is the highest emissions scenario and worst-case scenario in temperature increase. This scenario assumes current levels of CO 2 emissions and greenhouse gases will almost double by 2050. The world economy grows rapidly, but this growth is driven by fossil fuel exploitation and very high-intensive lifestyles. This scenario is characterised by high economic challenges and high social negative impacts and challenges for specific societies to mitigation as well as low socio-economic challenges to adaptation. The scenario particularly explores the limits to adaptation and the climate physical risks that may impact the Company’s operations and its value chain. On the mitigation side, in this scenario the pursuit of CO 2 removal and other climate engineering practices would be more likely given the high challenges to mitigation. WB 2°C >3°C

The results of the Company’s climate scenario analysis has led to the identification of the following risks and opportunities: Climate-related risks: Transition – Technology: Emergence of disruptive technologies from competition and low availability of renewable and low-carbon energy Delivering on existing commitments and potential future requirements to mitigate climate impacts will require significant investments in new technologies for the commercial aircraft sector, making the delivery of low-emission technologies a significant marker of future competitiveness. A competitor or new market participant could have access to technological developments unavailable to the Company that offer significantly lower emissions at a faster pace than the Company and its partners, resulting in a loss of market share and competitiveness with resulting reduced revenue. The imperative for the Company to develop new technologies faster than other actors in the market will require substantial research and technology (R&T) and research and development investments. Coupled with the need to sustain high investments to spur technological innovation, the Company has identified risks linked to the availability of renewable and low-carbon energy. First, there is the risk of low volumes in absolute terms, due to insufficient investments in renewable or low-carbon energy (including through the sustainable transformation of available biomass). Second, the risk that even if total volumes are approaching sufficiency in absolute terms, the aviation sector is unable to, access sufficient volumes, leading to a risk of a slower than expected substitution of fossil fuel energy and low uptake of the new solutions and products to be developed by the Company, and resulting in lower or longer returns on invested R&D.

Transition – Market: Impact of market measures and their development on demand for the Company’s products Accommodating new types of aircraft that respond to the aviation sector’s decarbonisation objectives requires an ecosystem that is ready. For instance, the development of future products based on the ZEROe concepts will require significant investments in both products and supporting infrastructure, which could directly impact the operating costs of such a product. Consequently, the absence of measures to stimulate robust hydrogen, synthetic fuels and biofuels supply infrastructure and adapted procedures to ensure efficiency and safety of operations could mean that the ecosystem will be unable to accommodate the Company’s future products, notably resulting in significant development costs incurred and a risk of compromising the investments made if customers are unable or unwilling to purchase products that cannot be widely operated within the available infrastructure and procedures. Moreover, the competitiveness of this next generation product will also strongly depend, among other factors, on the evolution of the price of CO 2 emissions. A high price on CO 2 May impact the demand for aircraft relative to competitors’ portfolios and could result in the loss of market share for the Company relative to its competitors. The Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially affected if the Company does not, at each step of development of its future products, account for market expectations while ensuring its products stay affordable for customers and competitive with respect to competitors’ portfolios.

76 Airbus Annual Report

Universal Registration Document 2023