Airbus // Universal Registration Document 2023

1. Information on the Company’s Activities 1.1 Presentation of the Company

The predominant field of activity on this segment is the continuing support to the operations of the ISS, together with vehicle and equipment development programmes and services. Airbus Defence and Space is the prime contractor for the Orion European Service Module (“ ESM ”) for NASA’s Artemis Moon return missions, with six modules under contract. In 2022, the Orion spacecraft successfully completed the first full test mission (Artemis I), with a trip around the moon. The Artemis II crewed mission is set for launch in 2025. As the future exploration plans of the various national space agencies take shape with a growing focus on a sustainable return to the moon and further Mars exploration, Space Systems is taking an important role in providing vehicles, platforms and services to support these ambitious endeavours. Since Russia´s invasion of Ukraine, there is growing attention to military capabilities in Space. Airbus Defence and Space will support nations by providing connectivity, information superiority and in-space operations for defence. On the military customer side, observation satellite demand has increased in recent years. There is an increasing demand in the governmental satcom market in France, Germany, Spain and UK, as well as internationally. Within the European Union, the development of constellations in 2024 and beyond should present significant opportunities. The equipment segment has benefited from a stable European market, with potential growth to come from developing space countries as well as the US. ArianeGroup is the lead contractor for Europe’s Ariane 5 (last flight operated in 2023) and Ariane 6 launcher family, responsible for designing, manufacturing and marketing of launch services through its subsidiary, Arianespace. It is also responsible for the research, design, development, production and support of missiles for the French nuclear deterrent force (French Strategic Oceanic Force). These activities are compliant with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. The Company’s reported revenues do not include any revenues relating to these activities (accounted for using the equity-method) as it does not have exclusive control of the joint ventures. Products and Services Human space flight. Airbus has played an important role in human spaceflight, starting with the Spacelab reusable laboratory flown on the US Space Shuttle, followed by the development of the Columbus module and the Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) spacecraft for the ISS, and most recently the addition of the Bartolomeo payload hosting platform, which is company operated as a service. Airbus’ expertise is also being applied to the ESM powering Orion. Airbus is the prime contractor to ESA for the development and manufacturing of six ESMs, the first of which flew on NASA’s Artemis I mission in November 2022. Telecommunication satellites. Airbus Defence and Space produces telecommunication satellites used for both civil and military applications, such as television and radio broadcasting, fixed and mobile communication services and internet broadband access. Airbus was first to bring a reconfigurable satellite (OneSat product) to the telecommunications market. The Company has nine OneSats under contract; three for Inmarsat for the first of their next generation of geostationary Ka-band satellites, one for Optus (an Australian operator), two for Intelsat, one for SkyPerfect JSAT, and, newly signed in 2023, one for Thaicom and one for an undisclosed customer.

With regards to its new all-electric and customer oriented Eurostar Neo platform, manufacturing is ongoing for five satellites for Thuraya/Yahsat, Eutelsat and Spanish and UK governments. Observation and scientific / exploration satellites. Airbus Defence and Space supplies EO satellite systems carrying optical and radar instruments and ground infrastructures for both civil and military applications. Customers can derive significant benefits from the common elements of the Company’s civil and military observation solutions, which allow the collection of information for various applications, such as cartography, weather forecasting, climate monitoring, mineral, energy and water resource management, as well as military reconnaissance and surveillance. 2023 saw the launch of the THEOS-2 satellite, the second Airbus Earth observation satellite for Thailand which recognises the importance of space technology in serving the country. Airbus Defence and Space also produces scientific satellites and space infrastructure, which are tailor-made products adapted to the specific requirements of the mostly high-end missions assigned to them. Applications include astronomical observation of radiation sources within the universe and planetary exploration. The Company was awarded a contract in 2020 for the Earth Return Orbiter, the spacecraft that will return the first ever samples from Mars under the NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return programme. Airbus Defence and Space was also the prime contractor in the manufacturing of the JUICE spacecraft, ESA’s next life-tracker inside the Solar System. JUICE was launched in 2023 and is now on an eight year journey to Jupiter where it will study its icy moons. The Euclid telescope, designed and built by Airbus, was also launched in 2023 and has already returned impressive images as part of its mission to better understand dark energy and dark matter. Navigation satellites. Airbus Defence and Space is prime contractor for EGNOS V3, the next generation of the European Satellite Based Augmentation System, planned to provide the aviation community with advanced Safety of Life services and new services to maritime and land users. In 2023 Airbus commenced the manufacture of the first of six satellites for the second generation of Galileo, embarking on a new and enhanced payload that will open new possibilities for the navigation sector. Space products. Airbus Defence and Space serves the worldwide market with space products through its own Airbus brand as well as the brands Jena-Optronik and TESAT. Space Products offers an unmatched and extensive portfolio of embedded subsystems, equipment and services for all types of space applications: telecommunications, EO, navigation, scientific and space exploration missions, human spaceflight and launchers. Commercial launchers. ArianeGroup manufactures launchers and performs research and development for the Ariane programmes. Member States, through ESA, fund the development costs for Ariane launchers and associated technology. For almost 20 years Airbus Defence and Space was the sole prime contractor for the Ariane 5 system which completed its last flight in 2023. In December 2014, the Ariane 6 programme was decided by the ESA ministerial conference with an approval of the joint Airbus Defence and Space and Safran concept. In addition, a new industrial set-up was announced with the creation of ArianeGroup between the two main Ariane manufacturers. This vertical integration reduces costs and increases competitiveness. As announced in November 2023 by the European Space Agency, the first launch of Ariane 6

58 Airbus Annual Report

Universal Registration Document 2023